Kugula lathe: zoyambira |Malo ochitira msonkhano wamakina amakono

Lathes amaimira njira zakale kwambiri zamakina, komabe ndizothandiza kukumbukira zoyambira poganizira kugula lathe yatsopano.
Mosiyana ofukula kapena yopingasa mphero makina, chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri lathe ndi kasinthasintha workpiece wachibale kwa chida.Choncho, ntchito ya lathe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa kutembenuza.Chifukwa chake, kutembenuza ndi njira yamakina yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magawo ozungulira a cylindrical.Lathes nthawi zambiri ntchito kuchepetsa m'mimba mwake workpiece kuti kukula kwake, potero kubala yosalala pamwamba mapeto.Kwenikweni, chida chodulira chimayandikira chozungulira chozungulira mpaka chikayamba kutulutsa pamwamba pomwe chikuyamba kusuntha motsatira mbali (ngati gawolo ndi shaft) kapena gawo lonse (ngati gawolo ndi ng'oma).

Ngakhale mutha kugula lathes pamanja kulamulidwa, lathes ochepa si olamulidwa ndi CNC masiku ano.Mukakhala ndi chida chosinthira (monga turret), lathe ya CNC imatchedwa moyenerera malo otembenukira.Malo otembenukira ku CNCndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana ndi ntchito, kuchokera ku mizere yosavuta ya olamulira awiri omwe amangoyenda munjira za X ndi Y, kupita kunjira zambiri zovuta.malo otembenukirazomwe zimatha kutembenuza ma axis anayi ovuta, mphero, ndi mphero.Kubowola, kubowola ndi kubowola kwakuya-ntchito imodzi yokha.
Zoyambira ziwiri-axis lathe zimaphatikizapo mutu, spindle, chuck yokonza mbali, lathe, ngolo ndi yopingasa yotsetsereka chimango, chida ndi tailstock.Ngakhale lathes ambiri ali ndi tailstock zosunthika kuthandizira mapeto a workpiece, koma kutali chuck, si zida zonse makina okonzeka ndi ntchito imeneyi monga muyezo.Komabe, tailstock ndiyothandiza makamaka ngati chogwiriracho chili chachitali komanso chowonda.Pankhaniyi, ngati tailstock sichigwiritsidwa ntchito, ikhoza kuyambitsa "ch crack", kusiya zizindikiro zoonekeratu pamwamba pa gawolo.Ngati sichikuthandizidwa, gawolo likhoza kukhala lochepa chifukwa gawolo likhoza kukhala lopindika kwambiri chifukwa cha kupanikizika kwa chida panthawi yodula.
Poganizira kuwonjezera tailstock ngati njira kwa lathe, osati ayenera kulabadira ntchito panopa akuthamanga, komanso kulabadira tsogolo ntchito.Ngati mukukayika, chonde phatikizani tailstock pakugula koyamba kwa makinawo.Lingaliroli litha kupulumutsa zovuta ndi zovuta pakukhazikitsa mtsogolo.
Ziribe kanthu kuti nkhwangwa zingati zoyendayenda zikufunika, poyesa kugula lathe iliyonse, sitolo iyenera kuganizira kaye kukula, kulemera kwake, kucholowana kwa geometric, kulondola kofunikira, ndi zipangizo za ziwalo zokonzedwa.Nambala yoyembekezeka ya magawo mu gulu lililonse iyeneranso kuganiziridwa.
Mfundo wamba kugula lathes onse ndi kukula kwa chuck kutengera mbali zofunika.Zamalo otembenukira, kutalika kwa chuck nthawi zambiri kumakhala mu mainchesi 5 mpaka 66, kapena kukulirapo.Pamene mbali kapena mipiringidzo iyenera kudutsa kumbuyo kwa chuck, spindle yayikulu kwambiri kudzera pabowo kapena mipiringidzo ndiyofunikira.Ngati muyeso kudzera mu dzenje siukulu mokwanira, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chida cha makina opangidwa ndi njira "yayikulu iwiri".
Chizindikiro chotsatira ndicho kutembenuka kwapakati kapena kutembenuka kwakukulu.Chithunzicho chikuwonetsa gawo lomwe lili ndi mainchesi akulu kwambiri omwe amatha kukhazikitsidwa mu chuck ndipo amatha kugwedezekabe pabedi popanda kumenya.Chofunikiranso ndi kutalika kokhota kofunikira.Kukula kwa workpiece kumatsimikizira kutalika kwa bedi lofunika ndi makina.Chonde dziwani kuti kutalika kotembenuka kumasiyana ndi kutalika kwa bedi.Mwachitsanzo, ngati gawo lopangidwa ndi makina ndi mainchesi 40, bedi lidzafunika kutalika kuti lizungulire bwino gawo lonselo.
Pomaliza, kuchuluka kwa magawo omwe akuyenera kukonzedwa komanso kulondola kofunikira ndizinthu zazikulu zomwe zimatsimikizira magwiridwe antchito ndi mtundu wa makinawo.Makina opanga kwambiri amafunikira ma axes othamanga kwambiri a X ndi Y, komanso kuthamanga kofananira.Makina okhala ndi kulolerana kokhazikika adapangidwa kuti aziwongolera kusuntha kwamafuta mu zomangira za mpira ndi zida zazikulu.Makina opangira makina amathanso kupangidwa kuti achepetse kukula kwamafuta.
Pezani zambiri pakugula malo opangira makina atsopano poyendera "Guide to Buying Machine Tools" mu Techspex Knowledge Center.
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Malo ochitira msonkhano mdera la Cincinnati akhazikitsa imodzi mwamalo akulu kwambiri mdziko muno mokhotakhota ndi mphero.Ngakhale kukhazikitsa maziko a makina akuluwa ndi ntchito yovuta, kampaniyo yamanganso maziko pa “maziko” ena.