Malangizo 5 Osankhira Mtundu Wabwino Kwambiri wa Spindle

Phunzirani momwe mungasankhire mtundu woyenera wa spindle ndikuwonetsetsa kutimalo opangira makina a CNCkapena malo osinthira zinthu amakhala ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yochitira zinthu. #cnctechtalk

Kaya mukugwiritsa ntchitoMakina opukutira a CNCndi chida chozungulira spindle kapenaCNC latheNdi ntchito yozungulira spindle, zida zazikulu za makina a CNC zimakhala ndi mizere ingapo ya spindle. Mizere yotsika ya spindle imapereka mphamvu zambiri, pomwe mizere yapamwamba imapereka liwiro lalikulu. Ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti makinawo atsirizidwa mkati mwa liwiro loyenera la spindle kuti akwaniritse zokolola zabwino kwambiri. Nazi malangizo asanu osankha mizere yoyenera:
Opanga zida zamakina amafalitsa makhalidwe a spindle m'mabuku awo ogwiritsira ntchito. Pamenepo mupeza rpm yocheperako komanso yayikulu pa range iliyonse, komanso mphamvu yomwe ikuyembekezeka mu range yonse ya rpm.
Ngati simunaphunzirepo izi zofunika, nthawi yanu yozungulira mwina siikonzedwa bwino. Choyipa kwambiri n'chakuti, mungaike mphamvu zambiri pa injini ya spindle ya makinawo, kapena kuimitsa. Kuwerenga buku la malangizo ndikumvetsetsa mawonekedwe a spindle kungakuthandizeni kukonza bwino ntchito ya makina anu.
Pali njira ziwiri zosachepera kusintha kwa spindle range: imodzi ndi makina okhala ndi mota yoyendetsa spindle yozungulira yambiri, ndipo inayo ndi makina okhala ndi makina oyendetsera.
Choyamba chimasintha liwiro lamagetsi posintha ma winding a mota omwe amagwiritsa ntchito. Kusintha kumeneku kumachitika nthawi yomweyo.
Dongosolo lokhala ndi makina opatsira magetsi nthawi zambiri limayendetsa mwachindunji pamalo ake apamwamba kwambiri ndipo limayendetsa makinawo pamalo otsika. Kusintha kwa malo kungatenge masekondi angapo, makamaka pamene spindle iyenera kuyima panthawiyi.
Pa CNC, kusintha kwa mtundu wa spindle kumakhala kowonekera pang'ono, chifukwa liwiro la spindle limafotokozedwa mu rpm, ndipo mawu a S a liwiro lomwe lafotokozedwalo amapangitsanso makina kusankha mtundu woyenera wa spindle. Tiyerekeze kuti mtundu wa liwiro lotsika la makina ndi 20-1,500 rpm, ndipo mtundu wa liwiro lalikulu ndi 1,501-4,000 rpm. Ngati mwatchula mawu a S a S300, makinawo adzasankha mtundu wotsika. Mawu a S a S2000 adzapangitsa makinawo kusankha mtundu wapamwamba.
Choyamba, pulogalamuyi ingayambitse kusintha kosafunikira pakati pa zida. Pa kutumiza kwa makina, izi zidzawonjezera nthawi yozungulira, koma zitha kunyalanyazidwa chifukwa zimangowonekera pokhapokha ngati zida zina zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuti zisinthe kuposa zina. Zida zoyendetsera zomwe zimafuna kuchuluka kofanana motsatizana zimachepetsa nthawi yozungulira.
Chachiwiri, kuwerengera liwiro la spindle rpm pa ntchito zamphamvu zozungulira kungaike spindle kumapeto kwa spindle yayikulu, komwe mphamvu zake zimakhala zochepa. Izi zipangitsa kuti spindle drive system igwire ntchito mopitirira muyeso kapena kupangitsa kuti spindle motor iimirire. Wopanga mapulogalamu wodziwa bwino ntchitoyo amachepetsa pang'ono liwiro la spindle ndikusankha liwiro lapamwamba kwambiri pa spindle yochepa, komwe kuli mphamvu zokwanira zogwirira ntchito yopangira makina.
Pa malo ozungulira, kusintha kwa spindle kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito code ya M, ndipo nthawi zambiri ma spindle apamwamba amafanana ndi ma spindle otsika. Pa malo ozungulira omwe ali ndi spindle zitatu, gear yotsika ikhoza kufanana ndi M41 ndipo liwiro ndi 30-1,400 rpm, giya yapakati ikhoza kufanana ndi M42, ndipo liwiro ndi 40-2,800 rpm, ndipo giya yapamwamba ikhoza kufanana ndi M43 ndipo liwiro ndi 45-4,500 rpm.
Izi zimagwira ntchito kokha ku malo ozungulira ndi ntchito zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito liwiro losasintha pamwamba. Ngati liwiro la pamwamba limakhala losasintha, CNC idzasankha liwiro (rpm) mosalekeza malinga ndi liwiro la pamwamba lomwe latchulidwa (mapazi kapena m/min) ndi kukula kwake komwe kukukonzedwa panopa.
Mukakhazikitsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya pa kuzungulira kulikonse, liwiro la spindle limakhala lofanana ndi nthawi. Ngati mungathe kuwirikiza kawiri liwiro la spindle, nthawi yofunikira pa ntchito zokhudzana ndi makina idzadulidwa pakati.
Lamulo lodziwika bwino posankha spindle range ndi roughing mu range yotsika ndi kumaliza mu range yokwera. Ngakhale kuti ili ndi lamulo labwino loonetsetsa kuti spindle ili ndi mphamvu zokwanira, siligwira ntchito bwino poganizira liwiro.
Taganizirani ntchito yopangira ya mainchesi 1 yomwe iyenera kuzunguliridwa mozungulira komanso mozungulira bwino. Liwiro lovomerezeka la chida chogwirira ndi 500 sfm. Ngakhale pa mainchesi apamwamba kwambiri (inchi 1), imapanga 1,910 rpm (3.82 kuchulukitsa 500 kugawidwa ndi 1). Ma mainchesi ochepa adzafunika liwiro lalikulu. Ngati wopanga mapulogalamu asankha malo otsika kutengera zomwe adakumana nazo, spindle idzafika pa 1,400 rpm. Poganiza kuti mphamvu zokwanira, ntchito yogwirira idzachitika mwachangu pamalo apamwamba.
Izi zimagwiranso ntchito kokha ku malo ozungulira ndi ntchito zozungulira zomwe zimafuna liwiro lokhazikika pamwamba. Ganizirani kutembenuza shaft ya mainchesi 4 yokhala ndi mainchesi angapo, yaying'ono kwambiri yomwe ndi inchi imodzi. Tiyerekeze kuti liwiro lovomerezeka ndi 800 sfm. Pa mainchesi 4, liwiro lofunikira ndi 764 rpm. Kuthamanga kochepa kudzapereka mphamvu yofunikira.
Pamene kukanda kukupitirira, kukula kwake kumakhala kochepa ndipo liwiro likuwonjezeka. Pa mainchesi 2.125, makina abwino kwambiri ayenera kupitirira 1,400 rpm, koma spindle idzafika pachimake pa 1,400 rpm, ndipo njira iliyonse yokanda mosalekeza imatenga nthawi yayitali kuposa momwe iyenera kukhalira. Kungakhale kwanzeru kusintha kupita ku mtunda wapakati panthawiyi, makamaka ngati kusintha kwa mtunda kumachitika nthawi yomweyo.
Pulogalamu ikalowa mu makina, nthawi iliyonse yomwe ingasungidwe podumpha kukonzekera mapulogalamu ikhoza kutayika mosavuta. Chonde tsatirani njira zotsatirazi kuti muwonetsetse kuti zinthu zikuyenda bwino.
Magawowa amauza CNC tsatanetsatane uliwonse wa chida cha makina chomwe chikugwiritsidwa ntchito komanso momwe angagwiritsire ntchito mawonekedwe ndi ntchito zonse za CNC.